ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES : examples in different verb tenses.

 

Revision of elementary grammar: simple present, present continuous, simple past and irregular past participles.

 I.Fill in the gaps with verbs in the SIMPLE PAST (affirmative or negative).

Tom got up very early yesterday morning and __________ a bath. Then he __________ to the kitchen and __________ two pieces of toast and __________ a glass of milk. Tom works in the local hospital and, yesterday he __________ his house at about 8 o'clock.

He __________ the number ten bus and he __________ at work at 8.30. He __________ 'good morning' to his secretary, Maura, and then he __________ all the mail that was on his desk. Then he __________ Maura for a cup of coffee and he __________ four very important e-mails.

At one o'clock, Tom __________ lunch in a café and __________ the newspaper. He __________back  to the office at two o'clock and __________ at six. He _______ not _______ the bus because a colleague __________ him in his car.

In the evening, he __________ in the local swimming pool and __________ the shopping at the local supermarket, where he __________ a lot of food. He __________ very tired in the evening so he _____ not _____________ TV and __________ to bed at 11 o'clock .

II.Write the correct form of suitable verbs in the SIMPLE PRESENT.  

Every day, Peter ---------------- at 7 in the morning and --------------- out of bed at 7:15. Then he--------------- a shower at 7:30 and -------------------breakfast with his cat. After that he ---------------- to work. He ----------------------- in the office until 6 pm and when he --------------, he  ---------------home. He usually -------------------a salad and a fruit for dinner.  At 9:30 he usually-----------------asleep in front of the TV.

 III.Choose an appropriate verb to complete each sentence using the PRESENT CONTINUOUS tense:  

1.    I ________________ very hard today because I have an exam at school tomorrow.

2.    Look at that dress that Sharon ________________. Isn't it beautiful!

3.    Don't disturb Dan. He ________________ the big football match on TV.

4.    Jon must be really tired. Look! He ________________ on the sofa like a baby.

5.    Take your umbrella with you. It ________________ very hard.

6.    Sara and Kevin aren't here at the moment. They _______________ in the garden with the other children.

 

IV.        Write the missing IRREGULAR verb forms.

Translate in the 4th column.

 

KNOW	………………..	………………..	= …………………….
…………….	STOLE	………………..	…………………..
…………	………/……..	BEEN	…………/…………….
SAY	……………..	………………	…………..
BUY	…………..	………	………….
LEAVE	…………………	……………	…………….
TELL	………………	………………	……………….
SPEND

 

PRACTICE OF VERB TENSES : FUTURE "WILL" AND " BE GOING TO"

1. A: We don’t have any bread. B: I know. I __________________ get some from the shop.

2. A: We don’t have any bread. B: Really? I __________________ get some from the shop then.

3. A: Why do you need to borrow my suitcase? B: I __________________ visit my mother in Scotland next month.

4. A: I’m really cold. B: I __________________ turn the heating on.

5. A: Are you going to John’s party tonight? B: Yes. Are you going too? I __________________ give you a lift.

6. A: What are your plans after you leave university? B: I __________________ work in a hospital in Africa. I leave on the 28th.

7. (The phone rings) A: I __________________ get it!

8. A: Are you ready to order? B: I can’t decide … Okay, I __________________ have the steak, please.

9. A: Are you busy tonight? Would you like to have coffee? B: Sorry. I __________________ go to the library. I’ve been planning to study all day. 

10. A: Why are you carrying a hammer? B: I __________________ put up some pictures.

Answers:

1. A: There’s no milk. B: I know. I’m going to get some from the shop.

2. A: There’s no milk. B: Really? I’ll get some from the shop then.

3. A: Why do you need to borrow my suitcase? B: I’m going to visit my mother in Scotland next month.

4. A: I’m really cold. B: I’ll turn the heating on, then.

5. A: Are you going to John’s party tonight? B: Yes. Are you going too? I’ll give you a lift.

 6. A: What are your plans after you leave university? B: I’m going to work in a hospital in Africa. I leave on the 28th .

7. (The phone rings) A: I’ll get it!

8. A: Are you ready to order? B: I can’t decide … Okay, I’ll have the steak, please.

9. A: Are you busy tonight? Would you like to have coffee? B: Sorry. I’m going to go to the library. I’ve been planning to study all day.

10. A: Why are you carrying a hammer? B: I’m going to put up some pictures.

PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE- THEORY AND EXAMPLES( EXPLANATIONS IN SPANISH!)

Present Perfect -Pretérito Perfecto

El pretérito perfecto se forma con el verbo have ("haber") y el participio pasado. Es otro modo de expresar el pasado.

• He has studied English and French.Ha estudiado inglés y francés.
• I have read many books.He leído muchos libros.

A menudo el participio pasado en inglés es exactamente el mismo que la forma pasada de un verbo. Sin embargo, muchos verbos tienen participios pasados irregulares.

• She has forgotten her name. She has amnesia.
• Ha olvidado su nombre. Tiene amnesia.
• I have already drunk the coffee.Ya he bebido el café.
• They have gone to see the President. Han ido a ver al Presidente.
• She has come to see you.Ha venido a verte.

Cuando se usa have en el presente perfecto, se puede contraer con el pronombre que lo precede.

• I've been to New York once before.He estado en Nueva York una vez.
• He's gone to the fish market.Ha ido al mercado de pescados.
• We've come to help.Hemos venido a ayudar.

La negación del pretérito perfecto se forma con not. Cuando está presente not, have puede contraerse con not pero no puede contraerse con el pronombre que lo precede.

• She hasn't spoken to him.No ha hablado con él.
• We've not spoken with her.

Para hacer una pregunta, se usa have al frente de la oración.

• Have you seen Matthew?¿Has visto a Matthew?

Hay cierto grado de superposición entre el pretérito simple y el perfecto, pero sin embargo existen diferencias importantes entre ellos.
Cuando se precisa un tiempo pasado específico, debe usarse el pretérito simple (=simple past tense).

• He finished three days ago.Terminó hace tres días.
• They finished a long time ago.Terminaron hace mucho tiempo.

Cuando no se especifica el tiempo se usa el pretérito perfecto.

• I have already finished.Ya he terminado.

El pretérito simple expresa más finalidad que el pretérito perfecto.

• John has taught math for twenty years.John ha enseñado matermáticas durante veinte años.

• John taught math for twenty years. John enseñó matemáticas durante veinte años.

En las oraciones anteriores,
-la primera oración deja abierta la posibilidad de que John continúa enseñando matemáticas.
- La segunda implica que John ya no enseña matemáticas. Tal vez se jubiló, cambió de profesión o falleció.

• Steve and Carol have eaten at that restaurant twice. They really like it.Steve y Carol han comido en el restaurante dos veces. Realmente les gusta.
• Steve and Carol ate at that restaurant twice. Steve y Carol comieron en el restaurante dos veces.

Si algo comenzó en el pasado y continúa hasta el momento de la enunciación, se usa el pretérito perfecto.

• They have lived here for a long time.Han vivido ahí por mucho tiempo.
• She has been in Australia for two years.Ha estado en Australia por dos años.
• We have studied for 5 hours straight.Hemos estudiado durante 5 horas seguidas.
• Tim has waited for 30 minutes.Tim ha esperado por 30 minutos.

Las siguientes oraciones implican que la actividad comenzó en el pasado y ya ha terminado.

• They lived here for a long time.Vivieron aquí durante mucho tiempo.
• Melissa waited for 30 minutes.Melisa esperó 30 minutos.

Cuando hay since ("desde") en la oración, siempre se usa el preférito perfecto.

• We have lived here since June.Hemos vivido aquí desde junio.
• She has been in China since last month.Está en China desde el mes pasado.