PASSIVE VOICE - ALL TENSES AND MODALS.

Turn the sentences into the PASSIVE voice. 

taken from : https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/passive-voice/pa020-active-passive.htm

Preview of the fill- in exercise

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ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES : examples in different verb tenses.

 

Voz Pasiva en Inglés - Cursos de Inglés Gratis

El Pasivo en Inglés - Cursos de Inglés Gratis

after studying the explanations in Spanish and the examples ,do the exercises below.

¿Como se estructura la voz pasiva en presente y pasado? - Ask the Teacher

¿Como se estructura la voz pasiva en presente y pasado? - Ask the Teacher: Iromy pregunta – ¿Como se estructura la voz pasiva en presente y pasado?  Janet explica – Siempre formamos el pasivo con una forma del verbo to be en la forma del tiempo de la oración (presente, pasado, etc.) y luego el participio. Voz Pasiva en el Presente Para formar la... Leer más »

Passive Voice in the present and past.

https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/passive_voice_with_simple_present_and_past/passive-voice-intermediate/11670

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE.

Read the news report and choose the correct verb form.

TAKEN FROM: http://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/3g13-active-passive-exercise.php

Millions of dollars' worth of damage has been caused by a storm which (swept/was swept) across the north of the United States last night. The River Reiner (burst/was burst) its banks after heavy rain. Many people (rescued/were rescued) from the floods by fire-fighters. Firefighters (received/were received) hundreds of calls for help. Wind speeds (reached/were reached) ninety miles an hour in some places. Roads (blocked/were blocked) by fallen trees. Electricity lines (brought/were brought) down, leaving thousands of homes without electricity.
"Everything possible (is doing/is being done) to get things back to normal," a spokesman said. One young girl (took/was taken) to hospital after she broke her leg. She has now (sent/been sent) home.

Active and Passive Voice : THEORY AND EXAMPLES.

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_actpass.html

Combining past simple and present perfect .

Umed from Iraq writes:
In the news, I heard a reporter from BBC World talking about the casualties of a blast.
"Two have been killed and twenty were injured," he said.
My question is: is it possible to use two different tenses when describing the same event (have been and were) and what is meant by this?
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Roger Woodham replies:
Have been or were?
Combining have been and were in this way is perfectly acceptable here, Umed. Often, in language use, deciding whether to use the present perfect or the past simple depends on your perspective on the event.

Two people were killed when the bomb went off but the effect of that is still with us - the recent past is connected to the present, so I choose to use the present perfect passive tense. Similarly, twenty people were injured when the explosion occurred - I am thinking of that moment in time in the past, so I choose to use the past simple passive. But their injuries are still evident at the present time, so I could have used the present perfect passive. There are no time phrases in this example to guide us, so any combination is possible depending on whether you are viewing it as a past act or one that impacts on the present:

Two people have been killed in an explosion and twenty have been injured.

Two people were killed in a bomb blast and twenty were injured.

Two people have been killed in an explosion and twenty were injured.

Two people were killed in a bomb blast and twenty have been injured

Of course, if you decide to specify the moment in time when this happened as a fixed point in the past, you are obliged to use the past simple passive:
Two people were killed this morning when the bus they were waiting for mounted the pavement and crashed into the bus stop.
You would then continue with this tense:

Six more were seriously injured and taken to the nearest hospital.
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Here are some more examples of the way in which these tenses have been combined and used in press and media reporting over the last few days:

Sea marshes return to Norfolk
Sea defences, which were erected to protect farmland on a mile-long stretch of coastline in East Anglia, have been dismantled in order to return 200 acres to salt marsh.

Here, the past simple passive is used first to describe the erection of the sea defenses at some point in the past and then the present perfect passive to describe their dismantling, the effect of which is still with us.

The Oktoberfest draws larger crowds
Beer consumption and attendance have both risen at this year's Oktoberfest in Munich. The world's biggest beer party has so far drawn 5.1 million visitors and roughly 5.7 million litres of beer have been served since 21 September.

Note that this event was still in progress when the report was made, so only the present perfect is used. Note the use of time adverbials, so far and since 21 September, which are associated with the present perfect.
If it had been written after the festival had ended and was clearly in the past, it would have looked like this:

Beer consumption and attendance both rose at this year's Oktoberfest in Munich. The world's biggest beer party drew a total of 5.9 million visitors and 6.4 million litres of beer were served during the course of the festival.

Knifeman attacks Paris mayor
The Mayor of Paris, Bertrand Delanoe, was stabbed during an all-night party at the town hall yesterday. The suspect, Azedine Berkane, a computer programmer, has been arrested. He was taken into custody immediately and has confessed to the stabbing, according to judicial officials.

Here, we are back to a mixture of past simple and present perfect. The stabbing occurred at a particular point in time in the past, so the past simple passive is used. The suspect is still under arrest, so the present perfect passive is used here. He was taken to the police station immediately after the stabbing - this is a finished action, so the past simple again. He has not withdrawn his confession, so we return to the present perfect here.

TAKEN FROM: http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/
learnit/learnitv241.shtml

PASSIVE VOICE.

HOW THE PASSIVE IS FORMED:

http://www.english-4u.de/passive.html

PASSIVE VOICE IN PRESENT,PAST AND FUTURE TENSES.

TAKEN FROM: http://www.english-4u.de/passive_ex3.htm

1 English ----------------(speak) all over the world. (Present tense)
2 This quarrel ---------------------(forget) in a few years' time. (Future tense)
3 My pencil case------------------------- (steal). (Present perfect)
4 We---------------------------- (never / beat) at badminton. (Present perfect)
5 This shirt----------------------- (make) in France. (Past tense)
6 The dogs----------------------------- (keep) in house. (Present tense)
7 Her new book ----------------------(publish) next month. (Future tense)
8 Milk -------------------------(use) to make butter and cheese. (Present tense)
9 They ----------------------(take) to school. (Past tense)
10 Not a sound ---------------------(hear). (Past tense)
11 Some ink------------------ (spill) on the carpet. (Present perfect)
12 The thieves----------------------------(catch) by the police. (Past tense)
13 The homework------------------------- (correct) by the teacher. (Future tense)
14 Her ring ---------------------(find) under the bed. (Past tense)
15 I -------------------------------(offer) an interesting job. (Past tense)
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Answer key:

1 English is spoken (speak) all over the world. (Present tense)2 This quarrel will be forgotten (forget) in a few years' time. (Future tense)3 My pencil case has been stolen (steal). (Present perfect)4 We have never been beaten (never / beat) at badminton. (Present perfect)5 This shirt was made (make) in France. (Past tense)6 The dogs are kept (keep) in house. (Present tense)7 Her new book will be published (publish) next month. (Future tense)8 Milk is used (use) to make butter and cheese. (Present tense)9 They were taken (take) to school. (Past tense)10 Not a sound was heard (hear). (Past tense)11 Some ink has been spilt (spill) on the carpet. (Present perfect)12 The thieves were arrested by the police. (Past tense)13 The homework will be corrected (correct) by the teacher. (Future tense)14 Her ring was found (find) under the bed. (Past tense)15 I was offered (offer) an interesting job. (Past tense)

PASSIVE AND ACTIVE EQUIVALENTS.

Notice that the tense of the verb to be in the passive voice is the same as the tense of the main verb in the active voice.

Example: to keep
EACH VERB TENSE IS FOLLOWED BY ACTIVE VOICE FORM AND THEN PASSIVE VOICE FORM.

• Simple present keep(s) - am/is/are kept
• Present continuous is keeping - am/is/are being kept
• Simple past kept - was/were kept
• Past continuous was keeping - was/were being kept
• Present perfect have kept -have/has been kept
• Past perfect had kept - had been kept
• Simple future will keep - will be kept
• Going to-future is going to keep - am/is/are going to be kept
• Modals: can keep -can be kept // should keep - should be kept //could keep - could be kept

Some example sentences with other verbs:
Active: I had told the students to study hard but...
Passive: The students had been told to study hard but...
Active: My 3rd year students have understood the passive at last!!!!!!!!
Passive: The passive has been understood by my 3rd year students at last!!!!!!!!!
Active: They are repairing the road.
Passive: The road is being repaired.
Active: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet and Macbeth.
Passive: Hamlet and Macbeth were written by Shakespeare.
Active: I was telling an interesting story to the students when someone interrupted!!
Passive: The students were being told an interesting story when someone interrupted!!
Active: Students can remember topics easily when they're relevant for them.
Passive: Topics can be easily remembered by students when they are relevant for them.

N.B. :ADAPTED FROM A WEBSITE BUT MOST EXAMPLE SENTENCES MADE BY THIS TEACHER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

THE PASSIVE VOICE.

The relationship between the agent (the one who performs the action) and the action (verb) is called voice. English has two voices--active and passive.
In the active voice, the grammatical subject performs the action of the verb:

-Cervantes wrote Don Quixote.
In the passive voice, the grammatical subject receives the action--something is done to the grammatical subject:

-Don Quixote was written by Cervantes.

The meaning of the two sentences is the same. The difference is in emphasis or point of view. In the active sentence, the attention of the reader is focused on the agent or person who performs the action (Cervantes, in the example). The agent receives more emphasis or attention.
In the passive sentence, the attention of the reader is focused on the receiver of the action (Don Quixote, in the example).

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Formation of the Passive Voice.

The transformation of an active sentence into a passive sentence is a three-step process:

1. Move the object of the active sentence to subject position in the passive sentence.

2. Change the verb to passive form (two parts).

3. Move the subject of the active sentence to object position preceded by the preposition by (optional).

Example:
In order to change the active verb to its corresponding passive form, we need to do two things:

1. Put the verb to be in the same tense as the verb in the active sentence. In this example the verb is in the simple past, so we use the past tense of be.
2. Use the past participle of the verb in the active sentence.(=THE MAIN VERB)
The passive verb, therefore, has two parts. The verb to be indicates the tense, and the past participle indicates the action.

Only sentences containing direct objects can be made into passive sentences because the direct object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. If the sentence does not have a direct object, you cannot change it into a passive sentence.

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Examples of Passive Forms
The students write reports. Reports are written by the students.
The students wrote reports. Reports were written by the students.
The students will write reports. Reports will be written by the students.
The students are writing reports. Reports are being written by the students.
The students were writing reports. Reports were being written by the students.
The students have written reports. Reports have been written by the students.
The students had written reports. Reports had been written by the students.
The students are going to write reports. Reports are going to be written by the students.
The students can write reports. Reports can be written by the students.
The students could write reports. Reports could be written by the students.
The students should write reports. Reports should be written by the students.
The students must write reports. Reports must be written by the students.
The students may write reports. Reports may be written by the students.
The students might write reports. Reports might be written by the students.
The students have to write reports. Reports have to be written by the students.
The students ought to write reports. Reports ought to be written by the students.
The students should have written reports.Reports should have been written by the students.
The students would have written reports. Reports would have been written by the students.
The students could have written reports. Reports could have been written by the students.
The students will have written reports. Reports will have been written by the students.
The students must have written reports. Reports must have been written by the students.
The students may have written reports. Reports may have been written by the students.
The students might have written reports. Reports might have been written by the students.
The students ought to have written reports. Reports ought to have been written by the students.

NOTE: Although it is theoretically possible to use the passive voice with the perfect progressive forms, they are hardly ever used. The student is advised NOT to use the perfect progressive passive forms. They are considered to be poor style and difficult to understand.

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Omission of by.
It has been estimated that only 15 to 20 percent of passive sentences mention the agent (in a phrase with by). We do NOT normally use the by-phrase in the following cases:
1. When the agent is unknown.
*My car was stolen. ( I do not know who stole it.)
*This table was made in England. (I do not know who made it.)
2. When the agent is obvious or unimportant.
*A lot of rice is eaten in Japan. (Obviously by the Japanese.)
*Oranges are grown in California and Florida. (Obviously by orange growers.)
*An incision is made around the optic nerve and the optic nerve is released.(This example is a good illustration of using the passive to emphasize a procedure or process. It is obvious that a surgeon performs the operation. What is important here is what the surgeon must do, not the surgeon himself.)
3. When we do not want to mention the agent.
*The administration admitted that mistakes were made in its handling of the affair.(The administration does not want to blame anybody, or perhaps does not want to accept responsibility, so the by-phrase is not used.)
4. When the agent has been mentioned previously.
*Don Quixote was written by Cervantes. It was finished in 1616.(It was finished by Cervantes, who has already been mentioned.)
5. When the agent is very general.
*His writings are now widely accepted and can no longer be described as controversial.(by his readers in general)
*Antibiotics should not be considered as a replacement for aseptic procedures.(by doctors in general)
*His theories have never been refuted or even attacked.(by anyone)

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WARNING
Some sentences change meaning when transformed into the passive. Be careful with general statements such as:
*Beavers build dams.(True - This is normal activity for beavers.)
*Dams are built by beavers.(False - Humans also build dams, not only beavers.)

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Inclusion of by.
The agent with by is usually expressed
1. When the agent is new information.
*This is a true story and was told to me by my mother when I was a little boy.
*A: I really like the red paint on your car.B: Thanks. It was painted by my friend Bob.
2. When the agent is not human.
*In a shunt motor, speed is usually controlled by a rheostat connected in series with the field windings.
*Most standardized tests are corrected by a computer.
3. When the agent is well known and should be included because it is important information.
*The fountain in Lyon, located in front of Lyon's city hall, was designed by Bartholdi, the designer of the Statue of Liberty.

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Impersonal "it" with passive.

When we mention the words or thoughts of people in general, we often use an impersonal "it" structure:
It is assumed that the user is familiar with cut-and-paste techniques.
It is believed that Cervantes' life as a slave from 1575 to 1580 became the source of inspiration for some episodes in Don Quixote.
It is estimated that 90% of the visible universe is composed of hydrogen.
It is expected that the student will be able to finish all the course requirements within two years. It is known that ultraviolet radiation absorption generates free radicals in damaged cells.
It is thought that Titan, Saturn's largest moon, may possess bodies of liquid ethane.
It is understood that this application becomes a contract when signed by us.
It was agreed that students should be encouraged to buy wireless cards with any new laptops.
It was decided that applicants must be fluent in English.
It was felt that the meeting should be held in a neutral country.
In one study, it was found that spiced apple scent improved performance on a high-stress task.
It was reported that a car had been vandalized while parked in front of the police station.
It was rumored that he had fought with the French resistance during World War II.

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Stative Verbs
Stative verbs are verbs which refer to states instead of actions. Some stative verbs are not normally used in the passive. Examples are deserve, desire, fit, have, hear, lack, like, resemble, suit, etc.
*Steve has a beautiful car. (NOT A beautiful car is had by Steve.)
*He resembles his father. (NOT His father is resembled by him.)
*We lack the necessary funds. (NOT The necessary funds are lacked by us.)
Many stative verbs are used in the passive, however. These include verbs such as .admire, adore, astonish, believe, contain, detest, despise, dislike, envy, forget, hate, keep, love, prefer, etc.
*The criminal is believed to be in the area.
*He was loved by all who knew him.
*The matter was soon forgotten.

The problem for the student is that there are no exact rules that will tell him when to use or avoid stative verbs in the passive. Sometimes these verbs are only used in the passive in special way. Take the verb like, for example:
*I like mushroom pizza. (NOT Mushroom pizza is liked by me.}
*He was liked by everyone.

The best way to learn about stative verbs and the passive is by experience. Read extensively in English and notice which stative verbs are, or are not, used in the passive, as well as how and when they are used.

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By vs. With.

By is used with the agent, whereas with is usually used to refer to a tool or instrument.

He was killed by a mob/a mountain lion/a drunk driver.
He was killed with a blunt object/a rifle/a single shot.

Verbs with Direct and Indirect Object (Ditransitive Verbs)
Many verbs take an indirect and direct object. Consider a verb such as give, which has two patterns:

*My father gave me this ring.
*My father gave this ring to me.
We can make the direct object the subject of the passive sentence:

*This ring was given (to) me by my father. (with or without to)
Or we can make the indirect object the subject of the passive sentence:
*I was given this ring by my father.

TAKEN FROM: http://www.angelfire.com/wi3/englishcorner/grammar/rules/passive.html

PASSIVE VOICE EXERCISES.

FROM : http://www.english-4u.de/passive_ex6.htm

CLICK ON THE LINK ABOVE ,COPY AND PASTE THE EXERCISE ON A WORD DOCUMENT,DO IT AND THEN GO BACK TO THAT PAGE AND CLICK ON THE "CHECK" BUTTON TO DO SELF- CORRECTION.

1. Paul (send) to prison. Future tense
2. My brother (just beat) in the race. Present perfect
3. He (tell) to wait outside. Past tense
4. I (not pay) for the work. Past tense
5. Policemen (often ask) for the way. Present tense
6. They lawn (cut) once a week. Present tense
7. We (ask) by the police. Future tense
8. The towels (not use). Past tense
9. He (not sell) the jewels. Present perfect
10. They (teach) Frensh. Present tense
11. The fire brigade (phone) soon after the fire broke out. Past perfect
12. You (laugh) at if you talk such nonsense. Future tense
13. All the fruits (eat up) by the guests. Past tense
14. The letter (answer) tomorrow. Future tense
15. Stamps (sell) here. Present tense